Achilles tendon inflammation represents pathological changes in the tendon due to excessive strain and chronic stress. Decreased flexibility as a consequence of this problem can increase the risk of injuries such as Achilles tendon rupture.
Although Achilles tendonitis is often associated with sports injuries, the problem can also be seen in non-practising sports activities. The biggest cause is chronic exposure to stress on the tendon, which in turn creates a high risk of injury.
Risk factors that could predispose to the problem are being overweight, explosive muscle activation, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, familial burden, etc. Inappropriate footwear could also contribute to Achilles tendon stress.
Morning pain and stiffness are characteristic symptoms. They are localized in the tendon area. Occasionally, swelling may also be present.
Morning pain is a distinctive symptom as the Achilles tendon has to tolerate a full range of motion, including stretching immediately after getting up in the morning. Symptoms are usually localized to the tendon and immediate surrounding area.
Swelling and pain are less frequent. The tendon may appear with subtle changes in outline, becoming thicker in the A-P and M-L planes.
In people who have tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon, which has a tender area coupled with intra-tendinous swelling that moves with the tendon and whose tenderness increases or decreases when the tendon is subjected to pressure, there will be a high predictive value that this situation involves tendinosis. The affected side of the tendon shows a larger diameter, greater stiffness and less tension compared to the unaffected side.
